18 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... In a normal gap ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis ... Generalized distal nephron ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
Tachypnea - Differential ... effusion/Tamponade Hematologic ... • Anemia Metabolic ... Tachypnea: • Metabolic ... Post-Ictal/Grand mal
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... free fatty acid metabolism ... Intermediate fatty acid metabolism ... , ↑Tbili/Dbili/AP ... infiltration) Differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... insufficiency (GFR 20-50 ml ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... lidocaine, +/- pre-treatment ... bleed • CPP = MAP ... Target MAP: 80. ... • Increased metabolic
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
approach to the differential ... Treatment: Treatment ... in 100 mL boluses ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... #management #nephrology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
from hormonal and metabolic ... changes and may ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Hypertensive crisis may ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... epilepticus Treatment