17 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #Hypokalemia #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
- Differential ... K-ATPase which imports ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Urinary Chloride • Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... - Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis) • Cl ... - Normal/low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... Urine Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... • High Urine Cl ... #hypokalemia ... urine #potassium #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... • Loss of Cl- ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... • Normal/low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential