8 results
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
including restrictive lung ... consider infarction, hypoxia ... Occasional sighs ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... Most Common Causes ... Nasal polyps and signs ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal
Intraoperative Laryngospasm and Stridor - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

❶ Call for help and inform theatre
oxygen and face mask ... over-vigorous attempts at lung ... negative-pressure pulmonary ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
and Management ... granulomas within the lungs ... anterior/posterior MSK ... ), liver (pain/abnormal ... #Management #Signs
Polycythemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polycythemia itself isn’t a diagnosis. Like many things, it is a condition
Algorithm Polycythemia ... , this list is long ... exogenous, EPO levels: normal ... high - Chronic hypoxia ... #Algorithm #workup
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
malignant, pediatric cases ... Symptoms and Signs ... common symptoms and signs ... may present with pulmonary ... , induction of anesthesia
HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA (HAPE)
 • High altitude disease that kill most people
 • Incidence: severe
Incidence: severe cases ... 5% but increase lung ... climbers • Early signs ... #Edema #HAPE #diagnosis ... #management
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
complications from anesthesia ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... unless prior heart/lung ... medical and surgical management ... stratification #diagnosis