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Figure 1. The normal #pelvic #floor at rest during #rectal #examination. The #internal anal #sphincter #muscle
pelvic #floor at rest ... The #internal anal ... hidden” by the #external ... puborectalis in the lateral ... demonstrates the internal
Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Environmental:
 • Toxin (organic solvents, mercury, lead)
 •
Causes of Recurrent ... radiation Other: • Maternal ... Genetic: • Maternal ... age • Maternal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
External Ventricular Drain (EVD) Troubleshooting for Neurosurgery Residents

Low Hanging Fruit
 • Has the system become disconnected
External Ventricular ... "Two Tests" for ... : • The Drop Test ... • The Raise Test ... Neurosurgery #diagnosis #management
Lateral pivot shift test: Valgus stress on knee plus internal/external rotation of knee during knee flexion
Lateral pivot shift ... test: Valgus stress ... on knee plus internal ... /external rotation ... LateralPivotShift #Test
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Exam: • Hearing tests ... whispered voice test ... Head and neck masses ... 512 Hz) Weber Test ... cause unknown)
Knee Examination
Right Knee - Examination maneuvers include the Lachman (ACL), anterior drawer (ACL), Lateral pivot shift,
drawer (ACL), Lateral ... meniscal integrity) tests ... McMurray #Drawer #Test
Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia

#Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Diagnosis and Management ... Differential #Algorithm #Causes ... GrepMed Recommended Text
Causes of Edema - Differential Diagnosis
Pitting Edema:
  ↑ Hydrostatic - Too Much Fluid
Causes of Edema ... Pressure • Internal ... Obstruction • External ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Tuberculosis: can cause ... clue • Blood tests ... ACTH stimulation test ... present - ACTH test ... DEXAMETHASONE - ACTH test
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... K), H. pylori test ... thyroid function test ... patients if the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes