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nephrology diagnosis differential hyponatremia workup management causes treatment anticoagulation cancer cerebral citrate comparison evaluation hypotonic insipidus oncology pathophysiology physiologic saltwasting
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Urine Osmolarity 3) ... Uric Acid → SIADH ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #insipidus #DI
Hypernatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider history. Most patients presenting with hypernatremia are either very
Step 1: Consider ... Step 2: Check Uosm ... Step 3: If patient ... has DI, determine ... #Sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... administration Step 3. ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Pathophysiology 1) ... Neurological event 2) ... Sodium loss from ... tubules 3) Naturiesis ... #hyponatremia #
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
discrete buckets: 1. ... filling of bucket (low ... intake) 2. ... transcellular shift) 3. ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... : • Hypovolemia ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
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