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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux ... Family history of Barrett ... Complications: • Erosive esophagitis ... • Stricture • Barrett ... diagnosis #management #Gastroenterology
Barrett's Esophagus (BE) Documentation 
1. 1st description as - ESEM (endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia), NOT as
Barrett's Esophagus ... endoscopically suspected esophageal ... Niriella @madunil #Barretts ... Documentation #EGD ... #diagnosis #gastroenterology
Acute Esophageal Necrosis
History: Hematemesis and/or melena (70%), Dysphagia, Epigastric/chest pain, Sepsis
Diagnosis EGD and Biopsy
Differential: Melanosis, Melanoma,
Acute Esophageal ... Sepsis Diagnosis EGD ... Pseudomembranous esophagitis ... KBrag_MD #Acute #Esophageal ... diagnosis #management #gastroenterology
Prague Criteria - For Endoscopically Suspected Esophageal Columnar Metaplasia/Barrett's Esophagus
1) Ensure Hiatus Hernia Is Recognised By
Endoscopically Suspected Esophageal ... Columnar Metaplasia/Barrett's ... Prague #Criteria #Barretts ... diagnosis #endoscopy #EGD ... #gastroenterology
GERD Phenotypes and Distinguishing Features
 • Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)
 • Reflux hypersensitivity
 • Functional heartburn
grade erosive esophagitis ... grade erosive esophagitis ... grade C or D) • Barrett's ... syndromes #diagnosis #gastroenterology ... #reflux
Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Causes of Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
 • Neuromuscular causes: CVA/CNS tumor/ALS, Parkinson's,
Oropharyngeal and Esophageal ... Non-relaxation of EG ... junction: Achalasia, EG ... Strictures from esophagitis ... Diagnosis #causes #gastroenterology
Secondary Causes of Esophageal Eosinophilia (EoE) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 • Eosinophilic gastrointestinal
Secondary Causes of Esophageal ... Gastroesophageal reflux ... Hypereosinophilic syndrome • Esophageal ... • Stasis esophagitis ... Secondary #Causes #gastroenterology
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
Esophageal Necrosis ... injury (by acid reflux ... reflux resulting ... Diagnosis: - EGD ... diagnosis #management #gastroenterology
Los Angeles Classification of Reflux Esophagitis
Accurate endoscopic assessment of reflux esophagitis is vital in making accurate
Esophagitis Accurate ... esophagitis is ... involves >75% of the esophageal ... #grading #gastroenterology ... #EGD
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
sphincter to relax ... EGD: • Exclude ... fibers of the LES (eg ... LES pressure (eg ... management #treatment #gastroenterology