10 results
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... Syndrome - Low back pain ... saddle (perineal) anesthesia ... and bilateral leg ... #motor #leg #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Leg Pain - Differential ... #pain #differential ... #diagnosis #lower ... #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Peripheral Edema - Differential ... Complex regional pain ... Note: • Left leg ... after the right leg ... #Extremity #PhysicalExam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
and/or genital sensory ... • S - Saddle anesthesia ... constipation Differential ... and sensory disturbances ... Equina #syndrome #differential
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Sensory loss below ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... Mixed upper and lower ... reflex. saddle anesthesia ... . leg weakness and
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
must be absent: lower ... Negative Straight Leg ... Raise Test - Pain ... inguinal ligament (near ... pathophysiology #differential
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Weakness - Lower ... at the level of sensory ... - Leg weakness ... paralysis - Sensory ... syndromes #lesions #differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
vasculitis • Sensory ... arthralgia, arm/leg ... the upper and lower ... Palpable purpura (lower ... legs), cutaneous
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Vasculitides - Differential ... the upper and lower ... well as inner ear ... vasculitis • Sensory ... extremities, upper extremity
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... brainstem Motor/Sensory ... Possible responses to pain ... If ok with ICU team ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam