11 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Diseases of the lung ... Alveolar-arterial ... oxygen gradient ... classification
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Alveolar Hypoventilation ... AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... : Atelectasis, ARDS ... , Interstitial Lung ... #alveolar #arterial
ARDS/VALI progression over the course of 1 week 
 (a) Day 1 - No pathological findings.
ARDS/VALI progression ... Progressing to diffuse alveolar ... involvement, with “white lung ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #ChestXRay
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
: Clinical Cheat ... injury, leading ... to increased pulmonary ... consistent with pulmonary ... detected on CT or CXR
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... absence of intrinsic lung ... shunt (Type 2) Clinical ... on radioactive lung ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient
There is a hydropneumothorax.
Notice the air-fluid level (blue arrow).
The upper lobe is still attached to the
the pneumothorax has ... small airways leading ... to pulmonary cyst ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Pneumothorax
Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
position Obstructive lung ... but the edema has ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar ... #Pulmonary #Edema
Lung infarction
In pulmonar embolism it is not common to see consolidation.
The consolidation is a result of
Lung infarction ... In pulmonar embolism ... bleeding into the alveoli ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CTChest #
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
pathophysiology CLINICAL ... dead space, then alveolar ... PHASE Ill - Alveolar ... - Dead space has ... the heart to the lung
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
Hepatopulmonary ... = increased Aa gradient ... presence in the lower lung ... of orthodeoxia CLINICAL ... #Hepatopulmonary