7 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... : Atelectasis, ARDS ... , Interstitial Lung ... #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Diseases of the lung ... Alveolar-arterial ... oxygen gradient ... HPS-severity classification
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
first part of alveolar ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... shunting (eg, atrial ... Respiratory #Failure #hypoxia
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
injury, leading ... to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... consistent with pulmonary ... detected on CT or CXR
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... absence of intrinsic lung ... passage • Arterial ... on radioactive lung ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... CT) • Broncho-arterial ... Sputum cultures growing
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
blood cells in the lung ... interstitium and alveoli ... respiratory failure or ARDS ... of the spiral arteries ... dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia