29 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... lyme • Altered mental ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... #Algorithm #neurology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #arm #physicalexam
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... status changes - Meningitis ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... oscillopsia) • Otitis Media ... symptoms/signs, ... Infection • Meningitis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Diagnostic Testing for Meningitis
History:
 • Triad: Fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status
 • Sens: 44%
for Meningitis ... stiffness, and altered mental ... 95% Brudzinski Sign ... Shake head will headache ... #physicalexam #
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Symptoms: • Headache ... : • Headache and ... Acute meningeal signs ... rigidity) • Altered mental ... #neurology #meningitis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Features: • Altered mental ... Generalized > focal) • Headache ... Immunomodulatory meds ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
C" (common for causes ... Infection (e.g., meningitis ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs ... #Diagnosis
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
- Differential Diagnosis ... Otalgia: • Otitis media ... 10%) • Otitis media ... following symptoms: headache ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis