8 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... acidosis • Diabetic ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... tubular acidosis/Chronic ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... acute reversal of chronic ... • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology