10 results
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
ABG) Analysis - Metabolic ... pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ - Metabolic ... pCO2 ↑ - Metabolic ... #Arterial #BloodGas ... AcidBase #Diagnosis #Compensation
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
patient have an acidosis ... compensation ... acidosis, you need ... Interpretation #BloodGas ... #Acidosis #Alkalosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Alkalosis Step 3 - Compensation ... compensation ... • Respiratory compensation ... Metabolic acidosis ... Nephrology #ABG #bloodgas
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... acidosis with pH ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
• Incr Glucose Metabolism ... Syndrome - Metabolic ... Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
• Labs: - Metabolic ... acidosis - Rhabdomyolysis ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... - Mild lactic acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
Vomiting may lead to metabolic ... abuse may lead to metabolic ... acidosis (loss ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs