15 results
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
findings in many diseases ... and symptoms, from ... #Hyponatremia #hypokalemia ... hypernatremia #hyperkalemia ... #electrolyte #algorithm
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
the Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... intervention are symptoms ... underlying heart disease ... cirrhosis, or kidney disease ... Figure 3 is an algorithm
Symptoms and Signs of Hypocalcemia
Muscular: Weakness, fatigue, Spasms, cramps
Neurologic: Tetany, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, Circumoral and
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypocalcemia ... paresthesias, Impaired memory ... Hallucinations, dementia ... #Symptoms #Signs
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... episodic and semantic memory ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia ... #symptoms
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Autoimmune thyroid disease ... nervous system symptoms ... Insufficiency #Signs ... #Symptoms #Adrenal
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Management of Hypokalemia ... Hypokalemia is ... search for warning signs ... or symptoms warranting ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm ... Symptoms: Fatigue ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... of autoimmune disease ... #hepatology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... Labia major & minor
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Clinical Feature of Hypomagnesemia and Magnesium Deficiency
 • Electrolyte Disturbance: Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia
 • Neuromuscular and central
Electrolyte Disturbance: Hypokalemia ... , Hypocalcemia ... Atherosclerotic vascular disease ... Hypomagnesemia #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #Treatment