35 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
of Glomerular Diseases ... : • Injury to ... differential #spectrum #diagnosis ... #nephrology #nephritic ... #nephrotic #comparison
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis
 - Prerenal
 - ATN
 - AIN
 -
Acute Kidney Injury ... Syndrome - Nephritic ... AKI #Urinalysis #diagnosis ... #table #comparison ... #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... necrosis (causes ... interstitial nephritis ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... tubular injury ... - Diagnostic of ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... #nephrology #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... blood cells on urine ... • Thin GBM disease ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Interstitial nephritis ... • Inflammatory disease ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology