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differential hyponatremia algorithm causes gitelman pathophysiology table acute aki drugs features hypernatremia hypomagnesemia hypomg hypotonic injury kidney low management medications
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... causes: sepsis, meds ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
- Differential Diagnosis ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Differential #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
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