15 results
Muddy Brown Sclera: Brownish discoloration of sclera occasionally seen in African Americans. 
It is a variant
Ophthalmology #Normal #MuddyBrown ... #Sclera #AA #Photo
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
#Granular #MuddyBrown
Amyloidosis Types - Comparison Table
Proteins depositing where they shouldn't
 • AL
 • TTR
 • AA

Julia Gips,
AL • TTR • AA
Aplastic Anemia Summary

 • Definition
 • Pathophysiology
 • DDx: AA vs Hypocellular MDS
 • Expectation
 •
Pathophysiology • DDx: AA
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
#Granular #MuddyBrown
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Algorithm #pulmonary #Aa
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
Secondary amyloid A (AA ... nephropathy is common in AA ... light chain AA ... IL-1 & IL-6 → AA
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
UnremarkableLab #AA
Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

Treatment options for AUD include psychosocial treatment and medications. Individualize based on
support groups (AA
1
#Protein
HCI
#Pepsin
Pancreas
НСО3
Amino- and
dipeptidases
#Carboxypeptidase
#trypsin
#chymotrypsin
elastase
Proteins
Pepsin
НСОз
Polypeptides
Tri- and dipeptides
Amino acids (AA)
H*
symport
Nat
symport
HCI
Pepsinogen
2
Carboxypeptidases
Trypsin, chymotrypsin,
elastase
Mucosal cell
Hydrolysis
AA
Amino- and
dipeptidases
Cationic AA
Neutral AA
Portal
blood
Anionic AA
Metabolism
Amino acids (AA ... cell Hydrolysis AA ... dipeptidases Cationic AA ... Neutral AA Portal ... blood Anionic AA