11 results
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
liver failure ... Coagulopathy, Lactic acidosis ... Immunosuppression, High ... lung injury, ... #liver #failure
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Liver Failure ( ... injury < 26 weeks ... ALT: ↑ • GGT/5-NT ... nucleotidase (5-NT ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
HyperKalemia - Differential ... K+: • Tissue injury ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... Compensation, Acute ... salicylates) R Renal failure ... /Chronic renal failure
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... oxoproline) • Renal failure ... (acute and chronic ... #differential #
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... or renal injury ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute ... Injury: • Reduced
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... intake: - Diets high ... seen • Lactic acidosis ... liver failure: ... Manifestations #Differential
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... sweat Heat Injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... failure Heat ... High body temperatures
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... insufficiency/Failure ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... insufficiency/Failure ... #nephrology