14 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Normal/low blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... poisoning • Normal acid-base ... #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Acid Base and Blood ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #acidosis #alkalosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Differential Algorithm Acidosis ... - RTA - Diarrhea ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Blood Gas Interpretation ... Steps for Blood ... : - Diarrhea ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #nephrology #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Chloride-rich diarrhea ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology