10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... - Normal/low blood ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning • Normal acid-base ... #causes #urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Renal tubular acidosis ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Normal or low blood ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Diagnosis: Causes ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... : - Diarrhea ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... provided the starting potassium ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #management