10 results
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... neonates) - Diabetic ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... , adrenal insufficiency
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... Isolated aldosterone deficiency ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... #differential #causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 diabetes ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... 21-OHD in the adrenal ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemic periodic ... Diabetes, diabetic ... aldosterone synthase deficiency ... Classification #Causes
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
mortality in ICU Causes ... and neonates), Diabetic ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... , adrenal insufficiency