19 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #hypokalemia ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Management
Treatment includes
 - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... In persistent hypokalemia ... , K sparing diuretics ... #Syndrome #Management ... #Treatment #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... : - Hypokalemia ... Inappropriate renal K+ ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Syndrome is a rare ... nephron → - ↑ K+ ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... thrombocytosis, leukocytosis ... sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... potassium #high #nephrology