28 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... out, causes of hypokalemia ... transcellular shift) 3. ... Algorithm #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... discontinued) 3. ... secreting tumor 3. ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Repeat the sodium ... administration Step 3. ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... Uglucose Step #3 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... @aishaikh #Hypocalcemia ... #Workup #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... thrombocytosis, leukocytosis ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... K supplement 3. ... potassium #high #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology