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differential management anemia blood hemolytic bleeding bruising coagulation dic disseminated extravascular hemostasis mds myelodysplasia myelodysplastic oncology petechial physicalexam rash syndromes
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... G6PD deficiency) ... #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... fulminans - DIC - TTP ... Work Up: • ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #dermatology #physicalexam
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Algorithm • Sickle ... with or without platelet ... thrombocytopenia - DIC, TTP ... #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory ... Fibrin degradation products ... reflection of intravascular ... hemolysis Platelet ... #Workup #Hematology
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Crossmatch - involves testing ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... false negatives on testing ... #Transfusions #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Transfusion Purpura (PTP ... false negatives on testing ... #Transfusion #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
promyelocytic leukemia ... Manifestations of DIC: • Petechiae ... thrombopoietin deficiency ... #Coagulation #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Bleeding and Bruising - Disorders of Hemostasis - Differential Diagnosis Framework == Quantitative or Qualitative defect in
gingivitis or gingival leukemic ... , disseminated intravascular ... discern these causes ... fibrinogen levels, and testing ... #Hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... by bleeding (petechiae ... Workup: • Complete ... Myelodysplastic #Syndromes #diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology
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