14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... #Primary #Metabolic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Generalized: Absence, Myoclonic ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... other • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential # ... table #sodium #nephrology