1257 results
Achalasia Management Algorithm
 - Botulinum Injection
 - Pharmacotherapy (CCB/nitrates)
 - Pneumatic Dilation
 - Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy ... Laparoscopic Heller's Myotomy ... gastroenterology #treatment
Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia - ACG Guidelines

Who to suspect?
 • Patients presenting with progressive dysphagia
contractions Definitive Treatment ... Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy ... POEM Symptomatic Treatment ... gastroenterology #Treatemtn
Achalasia Classification Types - Barium Contrast Esophagram:
1) Spindle type (classic)
2) Flask type 
3) Sigmoid type
Response to
type Response to treatment ... achalasia and myotomy
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
Treatment: Laparoscopic ... myotomy of the ... Treatment options ... laparoscopic Heller myotomy ... peroral endoscopic myotomy
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord
Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain
Myotomes of the ... #Myotomes #SpinalCord
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Dermatomes and Myotomes ... Extremity #Dermatomes #Myotomes
Mytomes - Segmental Innervation of Muscles
Shoulder	Abduction	C5	Axillary Nerve
Shoulder	Adduction	C6-C8	Thoracodorsal Nerve
Elbow	Flexion	C5	Musculocutaneous Nerve
Elbow	Extension	C7	Radial Nerve
Wrist	Extension	C6	Radial Nerve
Fingers	Flexion	C8	Median Nerve
Fingers	Abduction	T1	Ulnar Nerve
Hip	Flexion	L2	Nerve to Psoas
Hip	Extension	S1	Inferior Gluteal
Mytomes - Segmental ... Tibial Nerve #Mytomes
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Dermatomes and Myotomes ... Extremity #Dermatomes #Myotomes
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
Pharmacologic Treatments ... Pregnancy #Management #Treatment
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment ... the first-line treatments