12 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Highest • Bone ... Intestine - Other causes ... Intestine • Kidney ... duct stricture/Stones ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
tubule of the kidney ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Muscular/Rheum: - Hypotonia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... severe swelling causes ... asymmetric reduction in tone ... Immunization #peds #pediatrics ... #pathophysiology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Algorithm Vascular Causes ... Obstruction: Biliary stone ... cardiac muscle, RBC, kidney ... cardiac muscle, kidneys ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Decreased vasomotor tone ... Hyperventilation, Dizziness, Nausea ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
Pathogenesis of Select Causes ... Excitability and tone ... #constipation #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney ... Stones) Cardiac ... Skull expansion causes ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... Motor/Sensory: • Tone ... asymmetry and hypotonia ... Casey Albin MD @
Reflexes - Deep Tendon Reflexes on Newborn Physical Exam 
Testing deep tendon reflexes is an important
reinforce the tone ... normal, if the tone ... associated with low tone ... associated with low tone ... and the cause is
Peripelvic Cyst on Renal POCUS
60s f admitted with acute pyelonephritis, CT scan reveals no hydronephrosis/stone/abscess, continues
Cyst on Renal POCUS ... hydronephrosis/stone ... collecting system stone ... cysts may be a cause ... occasionally may cause