14 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Causes of ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... suggests extra-renal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential Diagnosis ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
retroperitoneal masses ... Obstruction of blood flow ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
rise is a late sign ... Arrhythmias: magnesium ... ); may require renal ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
myasthenia Diagnosis ... test - Cogan sign ... - Peek sign ... : Steroids and NSAIDs ... Fluoroquinolones, Magnesium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... K+, ACEi/ARBs, NSAIDs ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology