26 results
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... tumors - Multiple Sclerosis ... " - Vascular disease ... #diagnosis #pineal ... #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... tumors • Multiple sclerosis ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... #neurology #diagnosis
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
often classified as ... Uncommon): - Vascular ... migraines, Multiple sclerosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... symptoms/signs, ... • Multiple sclerosis ... Glomus Tumors - Vascular ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Motor Nerves: ALS ... Mitochondrial myopathy, Muscular ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... - Causes progressive ... 4) progressive muscular ... Upper extremity, lower ... #neurology #diagnosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
- Compatible syndrome ... lung nodules, may also ... : • Multiple Sclerosis ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... Differential Diagnosis ... myelitis • Multiple sclerosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
injury, often from vascular ... Mixed upper and lower ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology