21 results
Infographic depicting the main pearls of various types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia for the medical student.
CAH #algorithm #causes ... #pediatrics #CongenitalAdrenalHyperplasia ... #diagnosis #comparison ... treatment #Peds #Endocrinology ... #Adrenal #pathophysiology
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
Urinary Casts in ... Clinical #Nephro #Urine ... #Microscopy #Casts ... #Comparison #Chart
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... → Increased urine ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Easily reversible cause ... • Excessive urine ... large leakage of urine ... DIAPPERS #Mnemonic #Geriatrics
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... non-arousable, decr urine ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
(NS) - Comparison ... Causes AKI: - ... Decreased GFR, urine ... May Cause Hemodynamic ... #NS #comparison
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
kidney), which causes ... glucose in the urine ... excretion in the urine ... DM2 #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... renal function/urine ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... FHH — check the urine ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology