10 results
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
Fungi (Candida, Aspergillus ... Histoplasma) - Culture ... negative bacilli ... streptococci - Culture ... Pathogens #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Causes of Culture ... Negative Abscess ... - Differential ... culture Brain: ... #Differential #
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood culture ... negative infective ... whipplei, Fungi (Aspergillus ... BCNIE #Causes #differential ... #negative #Endocarditis
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... remain negative ... whipplei, Fungi (Aspergillus ... #BloodCulture #Negative ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus ... Coccidioides - Negative ... Cryptococcus - Negative ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... Galactomannan #diagnosis #comparison
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Cryptococcus Neoformans, Aspergillus ... cell carcinoma (native ... Renal #Transplant #differential ... urine #management #treatment
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
preparation from culture ... exceptions are Aspergillus ... • India ink - "Negative ... fungi #fungus #comparison
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
90% of IE cases Culture ... • Coagulase-negative ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... • Blood cultures
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
- Overview and Differential ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Negative: • Bartonella ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... hematuria, + RF Treatment
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
tests and sputum cultures ... deficiency Sputum cultures ... aeruginosa • Aspergillus ... mycobacteria Treatment ... Bronchiectasis #pulmonary #differential