1381 results
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... cultures remain negative ... antimicrobials, clinical ... #BloodCulture #Negative ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Normal: < 1% Clinically ... Neutrophil (Normal) Differential ... likelihood of negative ... clinical outcomes ... #Bandemia #differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
- Due to Viral infection ... Polyclonal - Viral Infection ... Clinical Presentation ... for anti-C3d and negative ... younger pts) Differential
Myasthenic Crisis Checklist - Myasthenia Gravis

Evaluation 
 - Chest X-ray and lung ultrasound (exclude other lung
Phos), CBC with differential ... possible - Infectious ... if symptoms of infection ... (vital signs, clinical ... Do not measure negative
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... • Common clinical ... in 70%-85% • Negative ... Monocytogenes or gram negative ... rav7ks #CNS #Infections
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
Coccidioides - Negative ... invasive fungal infection ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... surfaces - Infections ... BAL GM does not differentiate
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Direct microbial infection ... Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... tested and if negative ... be ordered • Infectious ... management #neurology #differential
Blood culture contaminants
Grouped by gram negative vs gram positive vs other as well as never/maybe/probably
Some additional
Grouped by gram negative ... febrilepodcast] #ID #Infectious ... Diseases #Infections ... Microbiology #Micro #Differential
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
disease • Systemic infection ... HACEK • Culture-negative ... epidermidis • Gram-negative ... Enterococcus • Gram-negative ... Noninfective #Causes #Differential
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan
 • Cell wall component of many fungi
Almost always negative ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... surfaces, Albumin, Infections ... >90% (In most clinical ... in BAL does not differentiate