38 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
injury, often from vascular ... Loss of pain and ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
The head impulse test ... of AVS and negative ... with a central cause ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... VestibularSyndrome #Posterior
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Diagnosis Framework ... Herpes zoster - HIV ... pulses - Hair loss ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
• Compensatory muscular ... Sacroiliac Joint Pain ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
hydrocephalus, HIV ... ... laboratory tests ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... (parkinsonian signs ... Frontal atrophy Vascular
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... syphilis, and HIV ... the lesion Posterior ... involved & the posterior ... #differential #diagnosis
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
fungal infection, HIV ... -100%), weight loss ... , Muscle/joint pain ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... A STIM test can
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
malaise, Weight gain ... Dry thin hair, Loss ... Carpal timel syndrome ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam #
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Fever/Chills/Joint pain ... Knee #Effusions #causes ... #msk #physicalexam