8 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... - Type II DM pts ... insulin demand Relative ... #comparison #endocrinology
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Comparison Table

Diabetes Insipidus - Inadequate ADH
SIADH -
Diabetes Insipidus ... Excess ADH #Diabetes ... Comparison #Table #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... acidosis with pH ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... EuDKA #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... Arterial pH <7.3 ... ketoacidosis (EDKA ... Common, early signs ... of ketoacidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... patients with a negative ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Gangrenous cholecystitis with sloughed, intraluminal membranes on POCUS
Worsening RUQ pain/fever. Ill-appearing, low BP. WBC 22.4K. POCUS
Diagnosis? ... Diagnosis: Gangrenous ... Pt had stone stuck ... US Murphy's sign ... is negative generally