17 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... - Type II DM pts ... insulin demand Relative ... #comparison #endocrinology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... an absolute or relative ... details of the pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology ... DKA #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary # ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
vitamin D and PTH ... regulated by classical negative ... PTH acts to increase ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... acidosis with pH ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... Euglycemic #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... to growth plate fusion ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... But diffusion of ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Plankton Sign in Pleural Effusion on Lung POCUS
Typically highly suggestive of hemothorax
In this patient:
  PH
Plankton Sign in ... Pleural Effusion ... on Lung POCUS ... this patient: PH ... Xpert TB, BAAR negative
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
Arterial pH <7.3 ... Common, early signs ... of ketoacidosis ... Continue insulin infusion ... until ketoacidosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
patients with a negative ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... apnea: CPAP, most pts