34 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Differential Diagnosis ... polyangiitis) - ANCA-negative ... , anti-CCP • CXR ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
Plump gram-negative ... Gram-negative rods ... Pneumonia #Patterns #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Presentation #Pulmonary
Lobar consolidation
The most common presentation of consolidation is lobar or segmental.
The most common diagnosis is lobar
The most common diagnosis ... The table lists ... the differential diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Normal or negative ... pg/ml EKG: • Negative ... ischemic changes CXR ... #differential #diagnosis
Who to test for BRCA 1/2?
Female Breast Cancer:
 • ≤ 45-50 years at diagnosis
 • Triple
45-50 years at diagnosis ... • Triple Negative ... cancers in this table ... factors in this table ... BRCA #testing #indications
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers

↑ Creatinine: 
 • AKI, CKD
 • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
• AKI, CKD • Medications ... nephroprotective ↓ in GFR • Medications ... tubular secretion of Cr ... Kidney #renal #diagnosis ... #laboratory #nephrology
A toxidrome is a syndrome (set of symptoms) caused by specific medications or toxins.

There are 5
caused by specific medications ... methylphenidate (Ritalin) - Sedative-Hypnotic ... antihistamines #Diagnosis ... Toxidromes #Comparison #Table
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Summary GERD: Diagnosis ... Laryngeal and pulmonary ... PPI failure + negative ... Desire to stop medication ... Reflux #Disease #diagnosis
Differential diagnosis on HRCT
Most of our knowledge about imaging findings in interstitial lung disease comes from
Differential diagnosis ... low attenuation (table ... On a CXR the most ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
therapy, Diuretics CAR-T ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology ... #Medications