13 results
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): refers to a group of conditions all of which cause the same
conditions all of which cause ... different types/causes ... RTA #Diagnosis #IM ... #Nephro #RTA #RenalTubularAcidosis
Causes of Syncope #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Neuro #Syncope #Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Syncope ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Neuro #Syncope ... #Differential #Algorithm
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Metolazone Loop diuretics ... loss through the nephron ... loop #thiazide #classes
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
symptoms (HA, nausea ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Algorithm
Differential Diagnosis of Syncope
First, is it syncope? History is very important for distinguishing syncope from other
syncope from other causes ... Common causes of ... Diagnosis #EM #Neuro ... #IM #Sycope #Causes ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #differential #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Generalized distal nephron ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
are the newest class ... reabsorption in the nephron ... kidney), which causes ... are similar to diuretics
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... cell/white cell casts ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephron loss, causing ... #Algorithm #differential