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diagnosis differential endocrinology hyponatremia nephrology signs symptoms workup insufficiency management addisons arteritis crystals cushings dipstick disease evaluation examination gca giantcell
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 ... autoimmune adrenalitis cases
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... ACTH) stimulation test ... insufficiency • Low or normal
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... Sodium loss (diuretics
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated Step 2:
Evaluation Algorithm ... Step 1: Consider ... may actually be normal ... Consider additional tests ... considered likely, the cause
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Clarity Dipstick test ... • Urinary casts ... renal function. ... (AKI) FE Na < 1% ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Multi-system illness: 1. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features 1) Skin • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
hypertension (90% of cases ... is decreased), hypernatremia ... dexamethasone suppression test ... the abdomen for adrenal ... tumors • The adrenal
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