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differential nephrology sodium causes hyperkalemia hyponatremia potassium management 3 cancer heat heatstroke hypotonic illness insipidus low oncology physiologic stroke table
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #insipidus #DI
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
urine osm (in DI ... ; high dilute urine ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... water unavailable 2) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1)
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Diagnosis Algorithm ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Acid → SIADH - High ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... PHA type l/type 2 ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... : • CKD • Poorly ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... : • CKD • Poorly ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Multi-system illness: 1. ... encephalopathy) 2. ... High body temperatures
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... appropriate • Hypovolemia ... CAR-T- and IL-2- ... adrenalitis; PD-1
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