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differential nephrology causes hyperkalemia sodium hyponatremia management treatment acidosis aniongap cancer heat heatstroke hypotonic illness k low metabolic nongap oncology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... PHA type l/type 2 ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Diagnosis Algorithm ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Acid → SIADH - High ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... : • CKD • Poorly ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Defining ... acidosis (type 1 ... of 2), Ureterosigmoidostomy ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... : • CKD • Poorly ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
urine osm (in DI; high ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... water unavailable 2) ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... ([Na] / 140) - 1)
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes of High-anion ... 2. ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis
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