11 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Workup Step 1 ... Step 2. ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
output is a clue). 1) ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... water unavailable 2) ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... ([Na] / 140) - 1)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1- ... 2 cases/100,000 ... Decreased / Absent Reflexes ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... #management #nephrology
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
appear in 1-2 days ... • Management: 1. ... cord function and reflex ... bulbocarvenosus reflex ... Spinal shock vs Neurogenic
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... disease 2. ... 2 L/hour with goal ... #nephrology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... depressed deep tendon reflexes ... 3 to 1/2 of patients ... and cauda equina TREATMENT ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal injuries 2. ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... CAR-T- and IL-2- ... capillary leak syndrome ... adrenalitis; PD-1