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diagnosis differential nephrology causes sodium hyperkalemia hyponatremia potassium workup management treatment cancer cosyntropin endocrinology heat heatstroke hypotonic illness insufficiency low
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... administration Step 3. ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... type 2 • Type 1 ... #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) ... Urine Osmolarity 3) ... Acid → SIADH - High ... Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical features: - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress - Hypotension,
Hyperpigmented skin (due to high ... hypoglycemia, Hyponatremia ... , hyperkalemia, ... if value is < 3, ... /inconclusive (3-
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... discontinued) 3. ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
urine osm (in DI; high ... output is a clue). 1) ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... post-obstructive 3) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1)
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... K supplement 3. ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... obstruction 3. ... output: 200 ml/hr 3. ... causes #treatment #nephrology
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