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diagnosis nephrology differential causes hyponatremia sodium hyperkalemia management treatment workup anticoagulation cancer citrate classification comatose heat heatstroke high illness k
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Urologic irrigants Hypotonic ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... • Hypovolemia: ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... discrete buckets: 1. ... filling of bucket (low ... transcellular shift) 3. ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... water retention 1) ... Urine Osmolarity 3) ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... Algorithm To assess ... TTKG should be <3; ... #Algorithm #TTKG ... #nephrology #low
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Comatose Patient 1. ... stimulation 3. ... asymmetry and hypotonia ... Sternal rub 3. ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... obstruction 3. ... output: 200 ml/hr 3. ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
acidosis) • Low ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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