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diagnosis differential management nephrology signs causes hyponatremia spinalcord barre cord guillain sodium spinal syndromes treatment workup acute als alzheimersdisease amyotrophic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction 1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings - typically occurs with
1. ... 100-110 - Symptoms ... correction of 0.5-1 ... Demyelination Syndrome ... rate #management #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases): - Increasing
Onset Alzheimer's (1% ... - Presenilin 1 ... mutations - Down syndrome ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... Comatose Patient 1. ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
• Prevalence: 1: ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... wink test - reflex ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1- ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Decreased / Absent Reflexes ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... management #treatment #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... sensation usually 1 ... in deep tendon reflexes
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