35 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... administration Step 3.
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... ASanchez_PS and Dr ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Pathophysiology 1) ... Neurological event 2) ... Sodium loss from ... #hyponatremia # ... comparison
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
water unavailable 2) ... post-obstructive 3) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... Dr. ... #sodium
Crystalloid Fluids - Contents Comparison Table
Normal plasma
0.9% saline (a.k.a. "normal saline" or NS)
0.45% saline (a.k.a. 1/2
Table Normal plasma ... saline (a.k.a. 1/ ... 2 NS) 3% saline ... D5 1/2 4NS + 20 ... Hartmann's solution' - Dr
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... the underlying cause ... #sodium
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
this signal: 1) ... middle finger. 2) ... the hand. 3) Now ... Hoffmanns #Sign #Reflex ... #Positive #Abnormal
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Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... +K / serum Na >1 ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Algorithm Step 1: ... elevated Step 2: ... Gravity Step 3: ... considered likely, the cause ... determined Dr
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
- Diarrhea pH Normal ... discontinued) 3. ... Liddle - Dr. ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology