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nephrology management algorithm hyponatremia treatment causes classification criticalcare table types cancer disorders emergencies oncology pathophysiology spinal spinalcord syndrome workup 3
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Low Uric Acid → SIADH ... #nephrology #sodium
Shock Types and Classification DISTRIBUTIVE 66% • Sepsis/SIRS, anaphylaxis, adrenal insufficiency, liver failure, toxins, spinal/neurogenic • Warm
overdiuresis • Cold ... • MI, CHF • Cold ... Wet OBSTRUCTIVE 2% ... tamponade • Cold ... #differential #
Shock Classification Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Stages: 1. ... tissue perfusion 2. ... brain or spinal cord ... CARDIOGENIC (Cold ... due to loss of sodium
Shock Types - Classification State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Stages: 1. ... tachycardia, dyspnea, cold ... brain or spinal cord ... beriberi CARDIOGENIC (Cold ... ring OBSTRUCTIVE (Cold
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Pathophysiology 1) ... Neurological event 2) ... Sodium loss from ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... ADH secretion (SIADH ... e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... #Causes #Sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... output is a clue). 1) ... water unavailable 2) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... #sodium
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