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nephrology differential algorithm hyponatremia management treatment workup barre bph causes cerebral comatose comparison guillain guillainbarre heat heatstroke hyperplasia hypotonic illness
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Uric Acid → SIADH ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
- Pathophysiology ... 1) Neurological ... event 2) Sodium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
+K / serum Na >1 ... , Renal Sodium loss ... can be high or low ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
output is a clue). 1) ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... water unavailable 2) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... #sodium
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... Comatose Patient 1. ... safe to stop 2. ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
2 cases/100,000 ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Decreased / Absent Reflexes ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... management #treatment #neurology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Multi-system illness: 1. ... encephalopathy) 2.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Hormonal alterations (result of aging process) ->
growth factors (IGF-1, ... hormones, urine reflux ... cytokines (IL-2, ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
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