11 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
depletion - Heart ... e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... exacerbation) - Drugs ... #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Approach to Acute Kidney ... 2) HISTORY/PHYSICAL ... obstruction, Nephrotoxic drugs ... (e.g NSAlDs) 3) ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... to work through ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
tissue perfusion 2. ... altered mentation 3. ... decompensated heart ... due to loss of sodium ... warm #wet #dry #table
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... encephalopathy) 2. ... , ARDS, DIC) 3. ... #causes #stroke
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... stones caused by ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Toxins - Drugs ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... #treatment #nephrology
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
anticholinergic drug ... and non-sinus → 2- ... have made a drug ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... or papilledema, heart ... disturbance, or acute kidney
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... the epithelial sodium ... Congestive heart ... the epithelial sodium ... #Differential #Diagnosis