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diagnosis differential management nephrology causes algorithm lactic activation classification criticalcare diuresis diuretics elevation excretion gitelman heat heatstroke hematology hypokalemia illness
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia is ... of hyponatremia ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... Hypernatremia ... hypernatremia can ... correction of chronic hypernatremia ... @EmmGeezee #Hypernatremia
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Lactic Acidosis ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... in Short Bowel Syndrome
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
perfusion - shock->treatments ... circulation If drugs, seizures ... before beginning treatment ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... - Compartment syndrome
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... give specific treatment ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Wilkinsonjonny #Hyponatremia ... #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... or compartment syndrome ... Isotonic fluid/Lactated
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ... Periodic fever syndromes ... Triglycerides • ↑ Lactate ... 10,000 ng/mL • Hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids
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