10 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... renal failure #Hypernatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... uric acid <4 • SIADH ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , SSRIs) - SIADH ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... case of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Physiologic #Hypotonic #Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia ... TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... causes #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia is ... of hyponatremia ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Wilkinsonjonny #Hyponatremia ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure