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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm anticoagulation causes defects epithelial gitelman heat heatstroke hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic illness inherited kidney management pathophysiology physiologic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... -2 deficiency Nephrogenic ... #Differential #Table
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia (HyperNa): - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Toxicity Hypernatremia ... solutions may have ↑ sodium ... paired with a lower sodium ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... dysfunction or low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures
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